Bibi Heybat Mosque
Bibiheybat Mosque
In addition to the mosque, the Bibiheybat complex has tombs and graves belonging to dignitaries such as Hakima Khanum, a descendant of Sayyids. This monument is the most important example of Islamic architectural monuments in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani poet Abbasgulu aga Bakikhanov, famous French writer Alexander Dumas and Khurshidbanu Natavan, daughter of the last ruler of the Karabakh khanate Mehdigulu khan Javanshir, visited the mosque. At present, representatives of foreign countries visiting Azerbaijan visit the mosque.
Determination the date of construction.
Tomb in Bibiheybat Mosque
The mosque was built on the grave of Hakima, the daughter of the seventh Shiite imam Musa al-Kazim. The doctor was a descendant of Imam Ali and Fatima. The doctor fled to Baku from the caliphs who had harmed her. The stone inscription on the tomb states that Hakim was belonging to a sacred lineage"Muhammad's descendant, the granddaughter of the sixth Imam Jafar Sadiq, the daughter of the seventh Imam Musa al-Kazim, and the sister of the eighth Imam Ali al-Rza are buried here.
The doctor's servant, called Heybat, was buried in the center of the cage in a square tree in the center of the tomb. The name of the mosque - "Heybat's aunt" - also appeared.
Based on the inscription on the south wall of the mosque, historians believe that the date of construction of the mosque is the end of the XIII century. An Arabic inscription on the wall of the mosque reads: "It is the work of Mahmud ibn Sa'd." Mahmud ibn Sa'd also built the Nardaran fortress and the Mullah Ahmad Mosque. Another Arabic inscription found by the orientalist Ilya Berez in Bibiheybat in 1841 states:
"Abu al-Fath Farrukhzad ibn Akhsitan, ibn Fariburz, the great sultan, the great sultan, the protector of the state and religion, the assistant to the Emir of the believers, ordered the construction of this mosque ... May God exalt his rule ... in the eightieth year (1281/2). . "
Azerbaijani postage stamp dedicated to Mahmud ibn Sad
Soviet art critic Leonid Bretanitsky disagrees with the year of construction:
"The mosque near Baku ... was built at the end of the 13th century. It was destroyed relatively recently and is known from short descriptions and several photos ... The inscription on the eastern facade mentioned by Boris Dorn and Ilyaz Berezin dates back to the time of Farrukhzad II, son of Akhsita II. The announcement of its construction allows the mosque to be dated to 660-665 AH (1264-65-1266-67). "
According to Sara Ashurbeyli, the name Farrukhzad may indicate that the mosque was restored by the Shirvanshahs, and the mosque itself may be older than the Shirvanshahs. Abbasgulu aga Bakikhanov in his work "Gulustani-Iram" notes:
"In 180 AH (797 AH), the Caspians invaded and conquered all of Dagestan, Derbent and Shirvan ... An emir appeared in every corner and a villain in every corner, and began to cause strife. At that time, Farrukhzad Akhshijan oglu ruled in Shirvan province. In the village of Bibiheybat in Baku, his nickname was written: "Bibiheybet mosque.png - the great sultan, the assistant of the Amir al-mu'minin." It is clear that he was a Muslim and obeyed the Abbasid caliph.
Destruction of the mosque in 1936.
After the establishment of the Soviet regime in Azerbaijan in 1920, the struggle of the Bolsheviks against religion began. The Bibiheybat Mosque, which is of great importance to Muslims, became the target of the new government, along with the Orthodox Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Baku and the Polish Catholic Church, the Church of the Innocent Pregnancy of the Virgin Mary.
In September 1935, Az. The Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the Baku Soviet passed a resolution "based on the complaints of workers" and banned religious ceremonies in mosques: "Satisfy the petition of 300 oil workers named after Stalin. The mosque was demolished in 1936. Many buildings in the complex collapsed after the first explosion, and the tower collapsed only after the third explosion.
In the same year after the demolition of the mosque, it was decided to preserve the architectural monuments of historical significance in Moscow. Chairman Azkomstarisa Salamov was exiled to Siberia for 20 years for the demolition of the mosque.
Later, a highway was built on the site of the mosque.
Speaking at the opening ceremony of the new mosque, which was restored on July 12, 1998, the Third President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev said:
After the restoration of Azerbaijan's independence, the destroyed mosques began to be restored. In 1994, Heydar Aliyev signed an order to build a new mosque on the site of the demolition of the old mosque in 1936.
The plan and dimensions of the complex were restored in 1980 on the basis of photographs taken shortly before the explosion. Notes of famous travelers, including a short article written by G. Sadigi in 1925, played an important role in the restoration of the mosque. G. Sadig's article described the condition of the mosque in the mid-1920s.
In 1998, the restoration of a new building in Bibiyeybat began. Heydar Aliyev said at the opening ceremony on July 12, 1998
"The mosque you see today, this great monument, makes us happy. But I think this is the first stage of the work. This construction must be completed according to the project. Today I declare that I support the completion of this mosque complex under the project and I will create all the opportunities for its implementation and provide the necessary assistance. "
The new mosque was inaugurated in May 1999.
The restorers worked on the preserved old sketches. The architecture of the mosque used Azerbaijani technology - the network, which was also used in the Sheki Khan Palace in Sheki and the Shah Abbas Mosque in Ganja. Gold restorer Hasan Mustafayev said:
"The restoration of this monument requires a delicate approach to every nuance, because it is a mosque-shrine where the attitude is different."
There is also a monument dedicated to Shirvanshah II Farrukhzad and Heydar Aliyev.
The new complex occupies more space than the old one. It is planned to build a square in the courtyard of the mosque for several thousand believers to pray together.
On July 14, 2008, after the reconstruction, the opening ceremony of the mosque took place. The ceremony was chaired by the IV President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. Sheikh-ul-Islam Allahshukur Pashazade, chairman of the Caucasus Muslims Office, Alexander Ishein, bishop of the diocese of Baku and the Caspian region, Semyon Ikhiilov, chairman of the Mountain Jews Community, and Jan Chapla, head of the Roman Catholic Church in Baku also attended the ceremony.
The mosque was built on the grave of the sister of the eighth Imam and the ninth infallible Imam Musar-Riza (a). Prior to the construction of the mosque, this place was considered sacred because it belonged to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Later, with the construction of the mosque, it became a place of pilgrimage and worship. At that time, the respected theologians of the society - sheikhs - settled in the area close to the mosque, and many of them died and were buried there.
The mosque became an "enemy" of the Bolsheviks during the Soviet era due to its moral significance. In 1936, the mosque was blown up and Hakima's grave was damaged. However, after this incident, the mosque was not considered sacred by the believers. People still get spiritual support from here.
Muslims wanted to restore the mosque in this holy place. After the collapse of the USSR, the mosque was restored when people gained religious freedom. Today, Bibiheybat Mosque, which houses the graves of four descendants of the Prophet, is the third holiest grave in the Islamic world.
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